Today is our topic of discussion Essential Newborn Care Interventions
Essential Newborn Care Interventions
Clean childbirth and cord care:
Prevents newborn infection
Initiation of breathing and resuscitation:
Early asphyxia identification (by APGAR score) and management by clearing the airway, manually & by positioning the baby with his head low (or by oropharyngeal and nasal suction)
Thermal protection:
Prevent and manage newborn hypo (kangaroo mother care)/hyperthermia
Early and exclusive breastfeeding:
Started within one hour after
Eye care:
Prevent and manage ophthalmia neonatorum
Immunization:
BCG, OPV
- Identification and management of sick newborn
- Care of preterm and/or LBW newborn
Indicators of MCH care:
These are the parameters for assessment of the maternal and child health status by measuring the mortality, morbidity and, growth & development. Morbidity data are scarce. The commonly used mortality indicators of MCH care are –
1. Maternal mortality rate
2. Mortality in infancy and childhood
a) Perinatal mortality rate
b) Neonatal mortality rate
c) Post-neonatal mortality rate
d) Infant mortality rate
e) Under-5 mortality rate
f) Child survival rate
Identification of ‘at risk’ infants:
1. Birth weight less than 2.5 Kg
2. Children with PEM or diarrhoea
3. Artificial feeding
4. Twins
5. Working mother/one parent
Common child health problems:
1. Low birth weight
2. Malnutrition
3. Infections and parasitosis
4. Accidents and poisoning
5. Behavioural problems
Causes of high infant mortality rate (IMR) in Bangladesh:
1. Diarrhoeal disease
2. ARI
3. Prematurity and LBW
4. Tetanus
5. Measles
6. Septicaemia
7. Whooping cough
8. Others: Anaemia, malnutrition & vitamin deficiency
Causes of neonatal mortality/common neonatal health problems:
1. LBW and prematurity
2. Birth asphyxia
3. Meconium aspiration
4. Birth injury and difficult labour
5. Congenital abnormality
6. Haemolytic diseases
7. ARI
8. Diarrhoeal diseases tothom to atolaru
9. Neonatal sepsis
10. Conditions of placenta and cord
11. Neonatal tetanus
How can we reduce IMR and neonatal and mortality rate:
Answer:
By taking the following actions we can reduce IMR & NMR-
1. Enriched food in prenatal feeding (by the mother)
2. Immunization & vitamin-A supplementation to under-5 children through EPI & NID
3. Promotion for adequate breast feeding & child feeding practices
4. Growth monitoring of the children and taking appropriate action
5. Family planning for the couples 6. Make available maternal care throughout the maternity cycle
7. Ensuring Essential Newborn Care Interventions (described above)
8. Better sanitation & water supply
9. Provision of PHC
10. Socio-economic development of the citizens
11. Education for all
New concepts of MCH care:
1. Integration of ‘maternal and child health’ and ‘family planning’ services under one umbrella.
2. Risk approach: Early detection of high risk mothers and children.
3. Manpower changes: Providing training and accredation to workers at all levels.
4. Provision for PHC
See also :
