Today is our topic of discussion Components of Demography
Components of Demography
Generally, demography means ‘statistical study of human populations’ or in other words, the application of statistics to human populations.
Definition:
Demography is the scientific study of human populations, primarily with respect to their size, their structure and their distribution from a quantitative point of view.
Components of demography:
1. Size of the population or change in population size: Growth or decline in number.
2. Composition or structure of the population: according to age, sex, religion, occupation etc.
3. Distribution of the population: in relation to rural or urban areas.
Demographic processes
Definition:
Demography deals with five demographic processes which are continuously at work within a population, determining its size, composition and distribution. These are:
Fertility:
directly related with the size of population.
Mortality:
inversely related with the size of population.
Marriage:
early marriage increases and late marriage decreases population.
Migration:
Immigration leads to increase and emigration leads to decrease in population.
Social mobility:
have impact on population size.
Sources of demographic data:
1. National census
2. Record of vital statistics
3. Ad hoc demographic studies
4. National population sample survey
Fig: Demographic cycles
First stage (Stage of high stationary):
a. High birth rate
b. High death rate
c. the population remains stationary
d. India was in this stage till 1920
Second stage (Stage of early expanding):
a. Birth rate remains unchanged
b. Death rate begins to decline
c. Increase in population growth
Third stage (Stage of late expanding):
a. Birth rate tends to fall
b. Death rate declines still further How
c. Population continues to grow
d. Because birth exceeds death.
e. Bangladesh is in this stage now
Fourth stage (Stage of low stationary):
a. Low bith rate
b. Low death rate
c. Population become stationary
d. Zero population growth
e. This stage is the target of Bangladesh e.
f. Sweden, Denmark
Fifth stage (Stage of declining):
a. Low birth rate than death rate
b. Population declines
c. Germany and Hungary
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