Today is our topic of discussion Accidents and injures
Accidents and injures
Definition:
An accident has been defined as ‘an unexpected, unplanned occurrence which may involve injury’.
Cause of injury:
Acute exposure to physical agents such as mechanical energy, heat, electricity, chemical and ionizing radiation interacting with the body in amounts or at rates that exceed the threshold of human tolerance.
Bangladesh situation:
Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey (BHIS) conducted by Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh (CIPRB) revealed that injury is now the leading cause of death of children from the age of 1 to 17 years. CIPRB launched the Prevention of Child Injuries through Social-intervention and Education (PRECISE) programme in 2005.
It was developed to combat mortalities, morbidities and disabilities due to injury by developing cost effective injury prevention methods that can be replicated with ease in a low-income setting. The programme consists of three main components: Home safety, school safety & community safety.
Types of accident/injury:
RTA (Road Traffic Accidents):
a. Damaged and large crevices in high-way
b. Low driving standard.
c. Smoking & mobile phone use when driving
d. Absence of segregation for pedestrians from wheeled vehicle.
e. Old, unsuitable vehicles in the road.
Domestic accidents:
Drowning, burn, fall, poisoning, cut, animal injury and suicide.
Industrial accidents:
Crush injury, chemical and inhalation injury, electrocution etc.
Railway accidents
Violence
Prevention:
1.Data collection, analysis and interpretation for effective counter measures.
2.Safety education for all sorts of people.
3. Promotion of safety measures: Use of seat belt when driving and other appropriate protective devices in
the working environment.
4.Limitation of use of alcohol and hypnotic drugs.
5. Establishment of appropriate emergency management system.
6. Elimination and/or minimization of causative factors.
7.Formulation of legislation and rehabilitative services.
Snake bite
Fatality:
Most of the snakes are non-poisonous.
Clinical features:
1. Local pain
2. Vomiting
3. Hypotension & shock
4. Signs of muscle weakness: Ptosis, glossopharyngeal palsy and respiratory paralysis
5. Generalized myalgia
6. Acute Renal failure
7. Abnormal bleeding from any site
8. Tissue necrosis at the site of bite.
Management:
1. Site of the bite is cleaned and left open,
2. General measures: IV fluid, sedative, antibiotic and tetanus prophylaxis.
3. Monitoring of vital parameters – pulse, BP, respiration, circulation and pupil (bilaterally constricted).
4. Anti-venom or anti-snake venom.
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