Today is our topic of discussion Definition of Mumps
Definition of Mumps
Definition:
Mumps is an acute contagious viral disease that leads to painful swelling of the salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands.
Agent factors:
1. Agent: Myxovirus parotiditis
2. Source of infection: Clinical and sub-clinical case
3. Period of communicability: 4-6 days before onset of symptoms and a week or more thereafter.
4. Secondary attack rate: High.
Host factors:
1. Age and sex: Most frequent cause of parotitis in the age group of 5-15 years. However, the infection can occur at any age.
2. Immunity: One attack confers life-long immunity
Environmental factors:
Peak incidence in winter and spring. Epidemics often associated with overcrowding.
Mode of transmission:
1. Person-to-person by respiratory droplets.
2. By direct contact with items contaminated.
Incubation period:
Usually 12-24 days.
C/F:
Symptoms:
1. Face pain
2. Fever
3. Headache
4. Sore throat
5. Swelling of the parotid glands and jaw
6. Testicle lump and pain
7. Scrotal swelling
(Signs: Swollen & tender parotid glands. boq noitadasal
Treatment:
1. There is no specific treatment for mumps. It is usually self-limiting.
2. Paracetamol may be used for fever and pain.
3. Aspirin is avoided in children with a viral illness because of the risk of Reye syndrome.
4. Symptoms relief: Extra fluids, soft foods, warm salt water gargles and maintenance of oral hygiene.
5. Tab. Prednisolone (40 mg orally daily for 4 days) – if orchitis.
Prognosis:
Patients usually recover well, even if other organs are involved.
Complications:
1. Orchitis
2. Pancreatitis
3. Meningo-encephalitis
4. Myocarditis
5. Persistent drowsiness
6. Persistent vomiting or abdominal pain
7. Severe headache
Prevention:
1. Vaccination: MMR immunization (vaccine) protects against measles, mumps, and rubella.
2. Immunoglobulin
Control:
1. Isolation of cases till the clinical manifestations subsides.
2. Disinfection of the articles used by the patient.
3. Contacts should be kept under surveillance.